See surgō on Wiktionary
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{
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"lang_code": "non",
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},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "saurga",
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},
{
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],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swergʰ-",
"t": "to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "sirgti",
"3": "sir̃gti",
"4": "to be ill, be sick"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian sir̃gti (“to be ill, be sick”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "srogi",
"t": "stern, severe, harsh"
},
"expansion": "Polish srogi (“stern, severe, harsh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "serg",
"t": "sickness, disease"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish serg (“sickness, disease”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *swurgō, from Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”). Cognate with Lithuanian sir̃gti (“to be ill, be sick”), Polish srogi (“stern, severe, harsh”), Old Irish serg (“sickness, disease”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "surgō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "surgôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "surgǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*swurgō",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "*surgō f",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/surgō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lithuanian links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "surgāną"
},
{
"word": "surgijaną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"worry, care, sorrow"
],
"id": "en-surgō-gem-pro-noun-tRrtwG45",
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "surgō"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "surgāną"
},
{
"word": "surgijaną"
}
],
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},
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},
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"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Sourge"
},
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"lang": "West Frisian",
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"word": "soarch"
}
],
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},
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{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Soarge"
},
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Suarge"
},
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Suare"
},
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"raw_tags": [
"all Westphalian"
],
"word": "Sōerje"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Sorj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "sorge"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "sorga"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Caribbean Hindustani",
"lang_code": "hns",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sorgu"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "sorgu"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"semantic loan",
"semantic loan"
],
"word": "rawat"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "zorg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "sorge"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Caribbean Hindustani",
"lang_code": "hns",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sorgu"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "sorgu"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"semantic loan",
"semantic loan"
],
"word": "rawat"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "zorg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "zorge"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Caribbean Hindustani",
"lang_code": "hns",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sorgu"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "sorgu"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"semantic loan",
"semantic loan"
],
"word": "rawat"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "zorg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "soorge"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "sorga"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Sorge"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Suerg"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "zorg",
"word": "זאָרג"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "sorge"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "sworga"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Sorge"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Suerg"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "zorg",
"word": "זאָרג"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "sorge"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "sorga"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*sorgu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "sorrow"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "sorra"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "sorow"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "sorra"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "sorrow"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "sorwe"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "sorrow"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "sorra"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "sorow"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "sorra"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "sorrow"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "sorwe"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"word": "sorh"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Suurge"
},
{
"lang": "Saterland Frisian",
"lang_code": "stq",
"word": "Sourge"
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"word": "soarch"
}
],
"lang": "Old Frisian",
"lang_code": "ofs",
"word": "sorge"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Sorge"
},
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Soarge"
},
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Suarge"
},
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "Suare"
},
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"raw_tags": [
"all Westphalian"
],
"word": "Sōerje"
},
{
"lang": "Plautdietsch",
"lang_code": "pdt",
"word": "Sorj"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"word": "sorge"
}
],
"lang": "Old Saxon",
"lang_code": "osx",
"word": "sorga"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Caribbean Hindustani",
"lang_code": "hns",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sorgu"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "sorgu"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"semantic loan",
"semantic loan"
],
"word": "rawat"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "zorg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "sorge"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Caribbean Hindustani",
"lang_code": "hns",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sorgu"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "sorgu"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"semantic loan",
"semantic loan"
],
"word": "rawat"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "zorg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "zorge"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Afrikaans",
"lang_code": "af",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"lang": "Negerhollands",
"lang_code": "dcr",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Caribbean Hindustani",
"lang_code": "hns",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "sorgu"
}
],
"lang": "Sranan Tongo",
"lang_code": "srn",
"word": "sorgu"
},
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"semantic loan",
"semantic loan"
],
"word": "rawat"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "zorg"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "soorge"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"word": "sorga"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Sorge"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Suerg"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "zorg",
"word": "זאָרג"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "sorge"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "sworga"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"word": "Sorge"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"word": "Suerg"
},
{
"lang": "Yiddish",
"lang_code": "yi",
"roman": "zorg",
"word": "זאָרג"
}
],
"lang": "Middle High German",
"lang_code": "gmh",
"word": "sorge"
}
],
"lang": "Old High German",
"lang_code": "goh",
"word": "sorga"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*sworgu"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"word": "sorg"
}
],
"lang": "Old Swedish",
"lang_code": "gmq-osw",
"word": "sorgh"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"word": "sorg"
}
],
"lang": "Old Norse",
"lang_code": "non",
"word": "sorg"
},
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "saurga",
"word": "𐍃𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌰"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*surku"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swergʰ-",
"t": "to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "sirgti",
"3": "sir̃gti",
"4": "to be ill, be sick"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian sir̃gti (“to be ill, be sick”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "srogi",
"t": "stern, severe, harsh"
},
"expansion": "Polish srogi (“stern, severe, harsh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "serg",
"t": "sickness, disease"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish serg (“sickness, disease”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From earlier *swurgō, from Proto-Indo-European *swergʰ- (“to watch over, worry; be ill, suffer”). Cognate with Lithuanian sir̃gti (“to be ill, be sick”), Polish srogi (“stern, severe, harsh”), Old Irish serg (“sickness, disease”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "surgō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "surgôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "surgǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "surgō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "surgōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*swurgō",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "*surgō f",
"name": "gem-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/surgō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Lithuanian links with redundant target parameters",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"worry, care, sorrow"
],
"links": [
[
"worry",
"worry"
],
[
"care",
"care"
],
[
"sorrow",
"sorrow"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "surgō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for surgō meaning in All languages combined (12.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.